Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.
The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons.
The term was first used by the English writer George Orwell in an article published in 1945 to refer to what he predicted would be a nuclear stalemate between “two or three monstrous super-states, each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds.”
It was first used in the United States by the American financier and presidential adviser Bernard Baruch in a speech at the State House in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1947.
Reasons for the Cold War
| United States | USSR |
| 1917 Bolshevik Revolution – the US ,GB France and Japan sent troops to assist the Bolsheviks | The US refusal to recognize the USSR until 1933 |
| Afraid of another Red Scare , The west did not trust ideas of state religion and anti capitalism | The Truman Doctrine that sent money to third world nations to prevent increase of communism/ The Marshal plan |
| Communist victory in China, Soviet expansion | Russia wanted to rebuild it’s infastructure with German labor |
| Acquisition of Soviet Nuclear weapons | Refusal of sharing Nuclear tech |
| US and USSR clash of E. Germany and Poland | NATO and the Warsaw pact |
During the Cold War, the CIA developed unwritten rules of engagement for their spies called The Moscow Rules.
Moscow was the most dangerous and difficult destination for a spy so the spies had to have special training in clandestine operations.
In his book, The Master of Disguise, Tony Mendez wrote, “Although no one had written them down, they were the precepts we all understood… By the time they got to Moscow, everyone knew these rules. They were dead simple and full of common sense…”.
Moscow Rules as given:
- Assume nothing.
- Never go against your gut.
- Everyone is potentially under opposition control.
- Don’t look back; you are never completely alone.
- Go with the flow, blend in.
- Vary your pattern and stay within your cover.
- Lull them into a sense of complacency.
- Don’t harass the opposition.
- Pick the time and place for action.
- Keep your options open.
- Technology can always let you down.
- Always being in a private setting when handing over items of value
- Whenever carrying items of value (i.e. microfilm) carry them camouflaged for immediate discard.
- Once is an accident. Twice is coincidence. Three times is an enemy action.
- Select a meeting site so you can overlook the scene.
- Build in opportunity but use it sparingly
- If your gut says to act, overwhelm their senses.
- Hide small operative motions in larger non threatening motions
- When free, In Obscura, immediately change direction and leave the area
- Break your trail and blend into the local scene.
- If the asset has surveillance, then the operation has gone bad.
- After the meeting or act is done, “close the loop” at a logical cover destination
- Be aware of surveillance’s time tolerance so they aren’t forced to raise an alert.
- If an alert is issued, they must pay a price and so must you.
- Any operation can be aborted; if it feels wrong, then it is wrong.
Agent
A person unofficially employed by an intelligence service, often as a source of information
Agent-in-Place
A government employee who is influenced to cooperate with a foreign government instead of defecting; now working for two employers instead of one
Agent-of-Influence
A person who works within the government or media of a target country to influence national policy
Asset
A clandestine source or method, usually an agent
Babysitter
Bodyguard
Bagman
An agent who pays spies and bribes authorities
Bang and Burn
Demolition and sabotage operations
Birdwatcher
Slang used by British Intelligence for a spy
Black Bag Job
Secret entry into a home or office to steal or copy materials
Black Operations
Covert operations that are not attributable to the organization performing them
Black Propaganda
A disinformation that is deniable by (and not traceable to) its source
Blowback
A deception planted abroad by an intelligence agency to mislead another country that returns to the originating nation with bad consequences
Blown
Discovery of an agent’s true identity or a clandestine activity’s real purpose
Bombe
Polish electro-magnetic device created to help decipher Enigma cipher machine settings; early precursor to the modern computer
Bona Fides
Proof of a person’s claimed identity
Bridge Agent
An agent who acts as a courier from a case officer to an agent in a denied area
Brush Pass
A brief encounter where something is passed between case officer and agent
Burned
When a case officer or agent is compromised
Camp Swampy
CIA’s secret domestic training base (also known as “The Farm”)
Carnivore
Computer program designed by the FBI to allow the FBI to collect electronic communications from a specific user targeted in an investigation
Case Officer
A staff officer who manages agents and runs operations
Cheka
Russian secret police founded in 1917 to serve the Bolshevik party; one of the many forerunners of the KGB
Chicken Feed
Genuine, but not seriously damaging, intelligence knowingly provided to an enemy intelligence agency through an agent or a double agent to establish his bona fides
Chief of Station
The officer in charge at a CIA station, usually in a foreign capital
Cipher
A system for disguising a message by replacing its letters with other letters or numbers or by shuffling them
Clandestine Operation
An intelligence operation designed to remain secret
Clean
Unknown to enemy intelligence
Cobbler
A spy who creates false passports, visas, diplomas and other documents
Code
A system for disguising a message by replacing its words with groups of letters or numbers
Codebook
A list of plain language words opposite their codeword or codenumber
Colossus
An electronic device that helped solve German cryptograms; the world’s first electronic computer
COMINT
All intelligence gathered from intercepted communications
Compromised
When an operation, asset, or agent is uncovered and cannot remain secret
Controller
Officer in charge of agents (a handler)
Counterintelligence
The business of thwarting the efforts of foreign intelligence agencies; includes but is not limited to spy-catching
Cover
The purported occupation or purpose of an agent; it must be consistent with the agent’s background and presence in the target area
Covert Action Operation
An operation designed to affect foreign affairs; may be lethal or non-lethal
Cryptology
The science of secret writing in all its forms
Cut-out
A mechanism or person used to create a compartment between the members of an operation to allow them to pass material or messages securely; also an agent who functions as an intermediary between a spymaster and other subagents
Dangle
A person sent by the intelligence agency of his or her own country who approaches an intelligence agency in the hope of being recruited as a spy so as to allow a double agent operation for the purpose of intelligence collection or disinformation
Dead Drop
A secret location where materials can be left for another party to retrieve
Dezinformatsiya [Disinformation]
The Soviet and Russian term for disinformation operations: operations designed to pass false information to the enemy
Discard
An agent whom a service will permit to be detected and arrested so as to protect more valuable agents
Double Agent
A spy who pretends to be working against one country but who is in fact working for that country’s opponent; often a conduit for disinformation
Dry Clean
Actions agents take to determine if they are under surveillance
ELINT
Electronic intelligence; derived from the interception of radiation sources such as radars
Enigma
A cipher machine used by the Germans to encode messages during WWII
Escort
The operations officer assigned to lead a defector along an escape route
Exfiltration Operation
A clandestine rescue operation designed to bring a defector, refugee, or an operative and his or her family out of harm’s way
Expats
Citizens of one country who live in another
Eyes Only
Documents that are intended for the eyes of one specified person only
False Flag
when elements within a government stage a secret operation whereby government forces pretend to be a targeted enemy while attacking their own forces or people.
Flaps and Seals
The tradecraft involved when making surreptitious openings and closings of envelopes, seals, and secure pouches
Floater
A person used one time, occasionally, or even unknowingly for an intelligence operation
Friends
General slang for members of an intelligence service; specifically British slang for members of the Secret Intelligence Service
Ghoul
Agent who searches obituaries and graveyards for names of the deceased for use by agents
Handler
A case officer who is responsible for handling agents in operations
Honey Pot /Trap
Slang for use of men or women in sexual situations to intimidate or snare others
Hospital
Russian slang for prison
HUMINT
Intelligence collected from human sources
Illegal
KGB/SVR operatives infiltrated into a target country without the protection of diplomatic immunity, having assumed new identities and even new ethnicities
Illness
Russian slang for someone under arrest
IMINT
Imagery intelligence
Infiltration
The secret movement of an operative into a target area with the intent that his or her presence will go undetected
Innocent Postcard
A postcard with an innocuous message sent to an address in a neutral country to verify the continued security of an undercover operative
Jedburghs
OSS and SOE term for teams dropped into Europe before D-Day to help resistance groups
KGB
The Soviet Union’s all-powerful intelligence and security service during the Cold War
L-Pill
A poison pill used by operatives to commit suicide
Legend
A spy’s claimed background or biography, usually supported by documents and memorized details
MASINT
Measurement and signature intelligence; a form of technical collection that uses signatures that do not fit into the traditional scope of IMINT and SIGINT
MI5
The British domestic counterintelligence service; officially known as the Security Service
MI6
The British foreign intelligence service; officially known as the Secret Intelligence Service
Mole
An agent of one organization sent to penetrate a specific intelligence agency by gaining employment; a term popularized by John Le Carre
Music Box
Slang for a clandestine radio
Musician
Slang for a clandestine radio operator
Naked
A spy operating without cover or backup
NSA
National Security Agency; branch of the U.S. Department of Defense responsible for the security of American communications and breaking into the communications of other countries;
Nugget
British term for the bait (money, political asylum, sex, or career opportunity) offered to a potential defector
Nursemaid
Russian term for the security service officer who accompanies delegations to other countries to prevent anyone from defecting
Okhrana
Secret police under Russian tsars 1881-1917
One-time Pad
Strings of random numbers for singular use as a key in enciphering messages; the proper use of a one-time pad renders a message mathematically unbreakable
OSINT
Open source intelligence; intelligence information derived from publicly available sources
OSS
Office of Strategic Services; U.S.’s WWII intelligence, sabotage, and subversion organization; “Oh So Secret,” “Oh Such Snobs,” “Oh So Social”
Paroles
Passwords to identify intelligence personnel to each other
Pattern
The behavior and daily routine of an operative that makes his or her identity unique
PHOTINT
Photographic intelligence, usually involving high-altitude reconnaissance using spy satellites or aircraft
Pig
Russian intelligence term for traitor
Plaintext
The original message before encryption
Playback
To provide false information to the enemy while gaining accurate information from him or her
Pocket Litter
Items in a spy’s pocket (receipts, coins, theater tickets, etc.) that add authenticity to his or her identity
Provocateur
An operative sent to incite a target group to action for purposes of entrapping or embarrassing them
Purple
American name for the Japanese diplomatic cipher machine used from 1939-1945
RADINT
Intelligence gathered from radar
Raven
A male agent employed to seduce people for intelligence purposes
Red
American name for an early Japanese diplomatic cipher machine
Rezident [Resident]
KGB or GRU (Soviet and Russian military intelligence) chief of station in any foreign location
Rolled-up
When an operation goes bad and an agent is arrested
RQ-1 Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
A medium-sized, long-endurance asset for reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition in moderate risk areas
Sanitize
To delete specific material or revise a report or other document to prevent the identification of intelligence sources and collection methods
Shoe
A false passport or visa
SIGINT
Signals intelligence; consists of COMINT (communications intelligence) and ELINT (electronic intelligence)
SIS
Secret Intelligence Service; the official name of Britain’s MI6
Sleeper
Agent living as an ordinary citizen in a foreign country; acts only when a hostile situation develops
SMERSH
Short for “Smert Shpionam” (Death to Spies); a Soviet counterintelligence agency that existed from 1943 to 1946; made famous in the James Bond novels
SOE
Special Operations Executive; Britain’s WWII sabotage and subversion organization
Spymaster
The leader of espionage activities, and an agent handler extraordinaire
Stasi
The East German Ministry for State Security; East Germany’s Cold War domestic and foreign intelligence service
Station
Post from where espionage is conducted
Steganography
Techniques for concealing the very existence of a message (secret inks or microdots)
SVR [Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki]
The Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki), formed on December 18, 1991
Swallow
A female agent employed to seduce people for intelligence purposes
TECHINT
Technical intelligence; analysis of fielded equipment for training, research, and the development of new weapons and equipment for eventual intelligence use
The Take
Information gathered by intelligence collection operations
Throwaway
An agent considered expendable
Timed Drop
A dead drop that will be retrieved by a recipient after a set time period
Tradecraft
The methods developed by intelligence operatives to conduct their operations
Traffic Analysis
Methods for gaining intelligence from the patterns and volumes of messages of communications intercepts
Ultra
Codename for intelligence derived from decryption of messages encrypted by the German Enigma cipher machine during WWII
Uncle
Headquarters of any espionage service
Walk-in
A defector who declares his or her intentions by walking into an official installation and asking for political asylum or volunteering to work in-place
Window Dressing
Ancillary materials that are included in a cover story or deception operation to help convince the opposition or other casual observers that what they are observing is genuine